POPEI-COLL (MNHN & IRD: PALOC)

The approach combines two dimensions:

• Fundamental research on “heritagization” and heritage policies (HP). The research questions the notion of local heritage on two levels, within government institutions and within customary territories (ceremonial domains). The danger of turning everything into heritage invites a critical position towards this concept and its use, especially among local peoples. The study will rely on the emic conception of culture based on social categories, part of a common cultural heritage. It will question the nature, the importance and the existence of these social categories, as well as their ownership regimes and their “heritage value”. Such reflections will permit defining the stakes of conservation, transmission and promotion invested in these categories. As conceptual tools for this analysis, the research will refer to fundamental works on heritage (Tornatore 2010, Jeudy 2001) and to those conducted elsewhere by UMR Paloc (Cormier-Salem et al. 2002, 2005; Guillaud et al. 2016). The research will enrich this reflection by comparing contrasting situations in the field. Following Olivier de Sardan’s (2008) reflections on public development policies in general, and F. Chlous et al.’s (2018) on participatory processes, heritage policies should be considered as an arena where stakeholders’ strategies and the political issues of heritage can be analyzed.

• The reflexive dimension of collaborative approaches: The research will study the conditions and possibilities of the collaborative approach, now on the rise, for the enhancement of local practices and local knowledge. This approach disrupts conventional research relations as the researcher is potentially subject to issues that he does not control, and is also likely to impose his own representations on local groups (Chlous-Ducharme & Gourmelon 2011). The approach questions the scales of collaboration (which ensemble shall the actors consider: the clan, the customary territory, the local administrative unit...?), and the appropriate levels for the diffusion of the information (to what scale? local or administrative?). The discussion will focus on the purposes, terms, limitations and interests of the collaborative research (Houiller 2016, Héritier 2011, De Largy Healy & Glowczewski 2014). The project thus questions the boundary between scientific and finalized research , in a region where the perspective of tourism generates pressing demands on researchers. The study will reflect on the adapted and sustainable conditions of a cultural policy on objects and according to procedures chosen by the peoples themselves, thus trying to raise awareness of these perspectives among public authorities.

Expected products are those of a scientific nature and those disseminated to local communities and policies. In addition to traditional products on paper, the approach, which will concern the production of data while considering how to subsequently update the information, will take advantage of the increasing use of internet in the regions of study.

The challenges of the project therefore concern the formalization of a dialogue between researchers, villagers and political leaders and the implementation of solutions, decided jointly on fields where a break is sensitive between institutional and local actors. By crossing these two fieldworks, the island of Ataúro and the peninsula of Tanjung Bunga, we will emphasize local dynamics to activate them reciprocally. Ataúro's situation is favorable for a comparison with Flores, thanks to the geopolitical rapprochement between the two countries, and thanks to the situation of this island that was on the fringes of the Indonesian occupation, and has maintained many relationships with the islands of neighboring Indonesia.

The approach intends to inspire regional policies through the integration into heritage institutions, already effective in East Timor. In Flores and East Timor, very top-down cultural policies, with little or no local impact, open up a field of possibilities for the development of original and local solutions for conservation and enhancement. the project is based on regions which are disconnected from capitals where public policies are designed. It aims to define practices adapted to local situations and as much as possible re-appropriated by the communities, fulfilling a function left vacant by national institutions. On the basis of in-depth and comparative reflections, we will collectively envision forms of local valorization that will be likely to ensure the transmission of so-called “traditional” knowledge to young people and future generations. The project will begin for three years in February 2019.

GUILLAUD, Dominique[1], EMPERAIRE, Laure.[1], PÉQUIGNOT, Amandine[1],GALIPAUD, Jean-Christophe[1], HABERT, Élisabeth[1], BILLAULT, Laurence[1], BURGOS, Ariadana[1], CÉSARD, Nicolas[2], JUHÉ-BEAULATON, Dominique[3], DA SILVA, Kelly[4], SIMIAO, Daniel[4]

1: UMR PALOC (IRD & MNHN), Paris, France

2: UMR 7206 (CNRS, MNHN & Paris-Diderot), Paris, France

3: CAK, EHESS, CNRS & MNHN, Paris, France

4: University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brasil

Blanc-Pamard C., 2004. L’illusion participative ; exemples ouest-malgaches. Autrepart 31, p. 3-19.

Bustamante M., 2015. Les politiques culturelles dans le monde. Comparaison et circulation des modèles nationaux d'action culturelle dans les années 1980. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales 2015/1, n° 206-207, p. 156-173.

Carneiro da Cunha M., 2009. “Culture" and Culture. Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Rights. University of Chicago Press.

Carneiro da Cunha M., Barbosa de Almeida M., 2002. Encyclopédia da Floresta. O alto Juruá: práticas et conhecimentos das populações. Sao Paulo, Companhia Das Letras.

Chlous F., Dozières A., Guillaud D. et Legrand M. (2017). Introduction. Foisonnement participatif : des questionnements communs ? Dossier “Des recherches participatives dans la production des savoirs liés à l’environnement”, Natures Sciences Sociétés. 25, 4, 327-335.

Chlous-Ducharme F., Gourmelon F., 2011, Modélisation d’accompagnement : appropriation de la démarche par différents partenaires et conséquences. Expérience originale en milieu côtier, Vertigo, 11 (3).

Cormier Salem M.-C., Juhé-Beaulaton D., Boutrais J., and B Roussel. (eds), 2005. Patrimoines Naturels Au Sud : Territoires, Identités et Stratégies Locales. Paris, IRD.

Cormier Salem M.-C., Juhé-Beaulaton D., Boutrais J., and B Roussel. (eds), 2002. Patrimonialiser la nature tropicale : Dynamiques locales, enjeux internationaux. Paris, IRD.

Cormier-Salem M.-C., Guillaud D., 2016. Des mémoires récupérées aux patrimoines survalorisés : pour une démarche réflexive sur les acteurs du patrimoine : conclusion. In Guillaud Dominique (ed.), JuhéBeaulaton D. (ed.), Cormier-Salem Marie-Christine (ed.), Girault Y. (ed.). Ambivalences patrimoniales au Sud : mises en scène et jeux d'acteurs. Paris, IRD, Karthala, p. 257-271.

De Largy Healy J., 2011. Pour une anthropologie de la restitution. Archives culturelles et transmissions des savoirs en Australie. Cahiers d’ethnomusicologie, 24, p. 43-63

De Largy Healy J., Glowczewski B., 2014. Indigenous and Transnational Values in Oceania: Heritage Reappropriation, From Museums to the World Wide Web. etropics: electronic journal of studies in the tropics, James Cook University, Value, Transvaluation and Globalization, 13 (2), p. 44-55.

Emperaire, L., 2014. Patrimônio agricultural e modernidade no Rio Negro (Amazonas). In M. Carneiro da

Cunha & P. d. Niemeyer Cesarino (Eds.), Políticas culturais e povos indígenas. São Paulo, Cultura Acadêmica, p. 59-89.

Galipaud J.-C., 2014. Archéologie et identité nationale : le projet d’inventaire des sites historiques et culturels du Vanuatu. In J.-C. Galipaud & D. Guillaud (eds), Une archéologie pour le développement. Marseille, editions La Discussion, coll. Patrimoines, p. 71-80.

Guillaud D., Juhé-Beaulaton D., Cormier-Salem M.-C., Girault Y. (eds), 2016. Ambivalences patrimoniales au Sud : mises en scène et jeux d'acteurs. Paris : IRD; Karthala.

Habert E., 2017. De l’État au citoyen, redistribution des cartes : éléments d’une histoire de la cartographie », Revue d’ethnoécologie [Online], 11.

Hauser-Schäublin B. (ed.), 2013. Adat and Indigeneity in Indonesia. Culture and Entitlements between Heteronomy and Self-Ascription. Göttingen Studies in Cultural Property, 7.

Héritier S., 2011. Approches et gestion participatives, affichage et réalités. Réflexions autour des espaces protégés du Canada, d'Australie et de Nouvelle-Zélande. Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, 88ème année, Les territoires de nature protégée, sous la dir. de S. Depraz, p. 444-458.

Houiller F., 2016. Les Sciences Participatives en France. URL: https://inra-dam-front-resourcescdn.brainsonic.com/ressources/afile/3203...

Jeudy H.-P., 2001. La Machinerie patrimoniale. Paris, Sens & Tonka, coll. « 10/vingt ».

Juhé-Beaulaton D. (dir.), 2010. Forêts sacrées et sanctuaires boisés. Des créations culturelles et biologiques (Burkina Faso, Togo, Bénin), Paris, Karthala.

Miura K., 2006. A Note on the Current Impact of Tourism on Angkor and Its Environs. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 8, no. 3, p. 132–35.

Nyoto H., 2016. L'invention du patrimoine indonésien. In R. Madinier ed., Indonésie Contemporaine, Bangkok, Irasec, p. 423-45.

Olivier de Sardan J.-P., 1998. Emique, L'Homme, vol. 147, p. 151-166.

Olivier de Sardan J.-P., 2008, Le développement comme champ politique local, Bulletin de l'APAD, 6. Rappoport D., 2015. 2015, Sulawesi 20 ans après, Archipel 89, p. 179-204. Rappoport D., Guillaud D. (eds.), 2015. L'Est insulindien. Archipel, 90, 331 p.

Schefold R., 1998. The Domestication of Culture; Nation-Building and Ethnic Diversity in Indonesia. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 154/2, p. 259–80

Silva K., Simiao D., 2011. Coping with traditions. The analysis of nation-building in East Timor from the perspective of acertain anthropology made in Brazil. Vibrant (Virtual Brazilian Anthropology), vol. 9.1, p. 362-381.

Suremain C.-E. de (ed.), Galipaud J.-C (ed.), 2015. Fabric-acteurs de patrimoine : implication, participation et postures du chercheur dans la patrimonialisation. Igé (FRA), Marseille, L'Etrave, IRD,.

Tornatore, J.-L., 2010. L’esprit de patrimoine. Terrain, no. 55, p. 107–27.

Yampolsky, P., 1995. Forces for Change in the Regional Performing Arts of Indonesia. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land-En Volkenkunde 151, p. 700–725.